被动语态

　　概 念

　　英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者

　　例如：Bell invented the telephone. 贝尔发明了电话。(Bell是动作invent的执行者，属主动语态)The telephone was invented by Bell. 电话是由贝尔发明的。 (the telephone是动作的承受者, 属被动语态)

　　构 成

　　一般现在时的被动语态：am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词

　　一般过去时的被动语态：was / were +及物动词的过去分词

　　用 法

　　当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或只需强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时要用被动语态。动作的执行者一般由by引出或省略。

　　例 句

　　English is widely used in many countries in the world. 英语在世界许多国家广泛地使用。

　　A meeting was held yesterday. Several teachers were praised for their hard work at the meeting. 昨天开了一次会。几位老师由于工作努力在会上受到表扬。

　　This tree was planted by my father in 1990.这棵树是1990年我父亲栽的。

　　Were you shown the way to the railway station by a policeman? 你是警察领着到火车站的吗?

　　You are wanted on the phone. 有人请你接电话。

　　The little child was saved by the policeman. 这个小孩被警察救了。

　　1. Another new library _____ last year in my hometown.

　　A. built B. was built

　　C. has been built

　　D. is built

　　2. Tea _____ by many people.

　　A. is liked B. is like

　　C. is cared about

　　D. is pleased

　　3. — Did you go to Jim’s birthday party?

　　— No, I _____.

　　A. am not invited

　　B. haven’t invited

　　C. wasn’t invited

　　D. didn’t invite

　　4. _____ the Great Wall _____ all over the world?

　　A. Does; know B. Is; known

　　C. Did; know D. Are; known

　　5. _____ the glass _____ by you or your brother?

　　A. Was; breaking

　　B. Did; break

　　C. Has; broken

　　D. Was; broken

　　1-5 BACBD

　　一般将来时的被动语态为will be +过去分词或 is/am/are going to be +过去分词。例如:

　　Another bridge will be built over the river next year. 明年这条河上将再建一座桥。

　　A concert is going to be given in People’s Hall this evening. 今晚人民剧场将有一场音乐会。

　　含情态动词的被动语态为情态动词can/may/must/need/should + be+过去分词。例如：

　　Can a bike be repaired here? 这儿能修自行车吗?

　　All the mistakes must be corrected. 所有的错误都必须改正。

　　现在完成时态的被动语态为have/has been +过去分词。例如：

　　This kind of jeans has been sold out. 这种款式的牛仔裤已卖完。

　　All the goods have been sent to cities by truck. 所有的货物都已用卡车送往了城市。

　　总之, 被动语态的谓语动词为“be+动词的过去分词”，不同的时态通过be动词的形式变化表示。以动词play为例，不同时态的主动语态和被动语态的动词形式如下：

　　主动语态 被动语态(be + v-ed )

　　一般现在时 play /plays is/am /are played

　　一般过去时 played was /were played

　　一般将来时 be going to /will play be going to/ will be played

　　现在完成式 have /has/ played have/has/been played

　　即学即用：用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。

　　1). A computer __________(give) to the child as a birthday present next Friday.

　　2.) I _________ often _________(ask) to attend the meeting.

　　3. )The fish tank _______________(should, clean) at least once a week.

　　4). The moon _________________ (visit) by man already.

　　5.) Letters __________ (collect) every day.

　　6. )If your work __________________ (finish), you may go home.

　　7. )More and more trees ______________ (cut) down recently.

　　8. )One of my friends _________ (hit) by a car last Friday.

　　1. will be given 2. am, asked 3. should be cleaned

　　4. has been visited 5. are collected

　　6. is finished/has been finished 7. have been cut 8.was hit

　　被动语态是初中英语重要语法，也是中考重要考点，其热点考查内容及应对方法如下：

　　一、考查被动语态的概念和构成

　　考点说明：被动语态表明一个被动性动作，它由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化规则与联系动词be完全一样。被动语态否定式为be not done，情态动词被动态否定式为情态动词+ not be done。

　　典型考例：

　　1. — Susan, why are you still here?

　　They are all ready to start.

　　— I’m sorry, but I ______ when to meet. (2005年江西课改卷)

　　A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell

　　C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told

　　2. A new supermarket ______ in my hometown last month. (2005年宁夏课改卷)

　　A. built B. has built

　　C. was built D. is building

　　3. The pizza ______ by my mother. Would you like to have some? (2005年北京海淀课卷)

　　A. makes B. was making

　　C. made D. was made

　　4. Trees ______ in winter but in spring. (2005年南宁课改卷)

　　A. can not plant

　　B. can be not planted

　　C. can not be planted

　　D. can plant

　　5. A new bridge will ______ across the river. (2005年武汉市)

　　A. be building B. be built

　　C. build D. built

　　Key: DCDCB

　　方法揭秘：理解被动语态概念，熟悉被动语态构成，增强被动语态使用意识。

　　二、考查一般现在时被动语态用法

　　考点说明：一般现在时被动语态表现经常性、习惯性被动动作，常用now, every day, often, usually, always, seldom, never作时态标志。

　　典型考例：

　　1. — How clean and tidy your class room is!

　　— Thank you. It ______ every day. (2005年吉林省)

　　A. is cleaned B. was cleaned

　　C. was cleaning D. is cleaning

　　2. Today computers ______ in both cities and towns. (2005年陕西省)

　　A. were using B. are used

　　C. were used D. are using

　　3. — Dad, please open the door. It

　　______.

　　— OK, I am coming. (2005年安徽省)

　　A. will lock B. locked

　　C. is locked D. was locked

　　Key: ABC

　　方法揭秘：分析语境确定被动性动作;利用一般现在时时态标志和语境确定一般现在时的时态性质。

　　三、考查一般过去时被动语态用法。

　　考点说明：一般过去时被动语态表过去某一时刻的被动性动作，常有纯粹过去时间状语作时态标志。

　　典型考例：

　　1. — Who is the little boy in the picture?

　　— It’s me. The picture ______ 10 years ago. (2005年山东省)

　　A. took B. is taken

　　C. has taken D. was taken

　　2. — Did Jack come to our party yesterday?

　　— No, he ______. (2005年浙江宁波实验区)

　　A. wasn’t invited

　　B. didn’t invite

　　C. isn’t invited

　　D. hasn’t invited

　　3. The doctor looked over Peter carefully after he ______ to the hospital (2005年北京市)

　　A. takes B. is taken

　　C. took D. was taken

　　Key: DAD

　　方法揭秘：分析语境确定被动性动作;利用纯粹过去时间状语和语境确定一般过去时的时态性质。

　　四、考查一般将来时被动语态用法。

　　考点说明：一般将来时被动语态表示将来某一时刻的被动性动作，常有未来时间状语作时态标志。

　　典型考例：

　　1. — But where are the books?

　　— Don’t worry. They ______ here in no time (2005年武汉课改卷)

　　A. have sent

　　B. will be sent

　　C. are sending

　　D. have been sent

　　2. — I know Mr. White is very angry with me. What does he say?

　　— He says you ______ away if You’re late again. (2005年福建课改卷)

　　A. are sending

　　B. has been sent

　　C. are going to send

　　D. will be sent

　　Key: BD

　　方法揭秘：分析语境确定被动性动作;利用未来时间状语和语境确定一般将来时的时态性质。

　　五、考查含情态动词被动语态用法。

　　考点说明：含情态动词被动语态常表具有特定情感色彩的被动性动作。

　　典型考例：

　　1. The flowers ______ every day, or They’ll die. (2005年天津市)

　　A. must water B. can be watered

　　C. should water D. must be watered

　　2. Today the forests have almost gone. People must ______ down too many tree (2005年辽宁课改卷)

　　A. stop from cutting

　　B. stop to cut

　　C. be stopped from cutting

　　D. be stopped to cut

　　3. — The pollution problem here seems to get more and more serious.

　　— Yes. Something ______ with it. (2005年河南省)

　　A. has done B. must be done

　　C. is doing D. was done

　　Key: DCB

　　方法揭秘：分析语境确定被动语态性质和特定情感色彩。

作者：佚名