主语从句
2008-9-28 13:41:02 文章来源：报纸剪辑 点击数：
在复合句中做主语的从句叫做主语从句，它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语相同。
引导主语从句的关联词有：连词：that, whether；连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which；连接副词：when, where, why, how；
复合词：whatever, whoever, whomever, when?蛳ever, wherever, whichever, however.
1. that 引导的主语从句
(1) that 在主语从句中无任何意义，也不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，但不可省略。
例：That he passed the final exam made his mother happy.
That Taiwan is a part of China is well known.
(2) that 引导主语从句时，可用it 作形式主语，而将that 从句置于句尾。
例：It made his mother happy that he passed the final exam.
It is well known that Taiwan is a part of China.
(3) 如果以that 引导分句的句子是疑问句，就只能用it 作形式主语结构。
例：Is it true that he passed the driving text?
2. whether 引导的主语从句
whether 在主语从句中不充当任何句子成分，作“是否”讲，引导主语从句的语序用陈述句语序。位于句首时，只能用whether 引导主语从句；位于句中时，可用if 与whether 互换。
例：Whether Tom will come is uncertain.
It is not known whether/if they will come today.
3. 用哪一个“wh-”词取决于从句里缺少或所需要的句子成分
例：What he needs is that book.
When Jack will come is not known.
This is what I want.
4. -ever 引导的主语从句
whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever 表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”，“无论哪里”，语气比what, who, when, where 等强烈。
例：Whatever I have is yours.
Whoever is tired may rest.
5. 连接代词、连接副词和复合词引导主语从句时，本身有词义，在从句中往往充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等，从句的语序用陈述句语序。
What he needs is that book. （what 在主句中作need 的宾语）
When Jack will come is not known.（when 在主语从句中作时间状语）
典型例题：
1． ______ caused the accident is not known.
A. That B. When
C. Where D. What
析：_______caused the accident 是一个主语从句且缺少主语。由于that 引导主语从句时不担任句子成分，when和where 在主语从句中只能作状语，故排除A、B、C，选D。what 在主语从句中作主语。
2． ______ is a fact that she is a pop singer.
A. There B. This
C. That D. It
析：“that she is a pop singer” 是主语从句，位于句尾，因此只能选“it”作形式主语，代替真正的主语“that she is a pop singer”, 故选D。
3. ______ has done this good deed is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one
C. Anyone D. Whoever
析：选D。whoever意为“无论谁”，表泛指，who 意为“谁”，表特指。
4. ______ Tom will attend the assembly is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If
C. Whether D. That
析：选C。“____ Tom will attend the assembly” 是主语从句，若选A，意思不合；B 不位于句首时引导主语从句，位于句首时只作“如果”讲；D 不可用于否定中引导主语从句。
引导主语从句的关联词有：连词：that, whether；连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which；连接副词：when, where, why, how；
复合词：whatever, whoever, whomever, when?蛳ever, wherever, whichever, however.
1. that 引导的主语从句
(1) that 在主语从句中无任何意义，也不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，但不可省略。
例：That he passed the final exam made his mother happy.
That Taiwan is a part of China is well known.
(2) that 引导主语从句时，可用it 作形式主语，而将that 从句置于句尾。
例：It made his mother happy that he passed the final exam.
It is well known that Taiwan is a part of China.
(3) 如果以that 引导分句的句子是疑问句，就只能用it 作形式主语结构。
例：Is it true that he passed the driving text?
2. whether 引导的主语从句
whether 在主语从句中不充当任何句子成分，作“是否”讲，引导主语从句的语序用陈述句语序。位于句首时，只能用whether 引导主语从句；位于句中时，可用if 与whether 互换。
例：Whether Tom will come is uncertain.
It is not known whether/if they will come today.
3. 用哪一个“wh-”词取决于从句里缺少或所需要的句子成分
例：What he needs is that book.
When Jack will come is not known.
This is what I want.
4. -ever 引导的主语从句
whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever 表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”，“无论哪里”，语气比what, who, when, where 等强烈。
例：Whatever I have is yours.
Whoever is tired may rest.
5. 连接代词、连接副词和复合词引导主语从句时，本身有词义，在从句中往往充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等，从句的语序用陈述句语序。
What he needs is that book. （what 在主句中作need 的宾语）
When Jack will come is not known.（when 在主语从句中作时间状语）
典型例题：
1． ______ caused the accident is not known.
A. That B. When
C. Where D. What
析：_______caused the accident 是一个主语从句且缺少主语。由于that 引导主语从句时不担任句子成分，when和where 在主语从句中只能作状语，故排除A、B、C，选D。what 在主语从句中作主语。
2． ______ is a fact that she is a pop singer.
A. There B. This
C. That D. It
析：“that she is a pop singer” 是主语从句，位于句尾，因此只能选“it”作形式主语，代替真正的主语“that she is a pop singer”, 故选D。
3. ______ has done this good deed is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one
C. Anyone D. Whoever
析：选D。whoever意为“无论谁”，表泛指，who 意为“谁”，表特指。
4. ______ Tom will attend the assembly is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If
C. Whether D. That
析：选C。“____ Tom will attend the assembly” 是主语从句，若选A，意思不合；B 不位于句首时引导主语从句，位于句首时只作“如果”讲；D 不可用于否定中引导主语从句。
作者：江苏泰兴…
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